This partnership, reaffirmed in the lima declaration. Drivers of defforestation and forest degradation in ethiopia. The main causes of deforestation in ethiopia are shifting agriculture, livestock production and fuel in drier areas. Vegetation composition and deforestation impact in gambella. This paper will discuss agriculture and forestry practices on the ethiopian highlands and try to identify. The national conservation strategy of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia fdre identifies deforestation as a major problem not only in the forest proper, but also in how it impacts upon other sectors such as crop farming, animal husbandry, water resources, and wildlife habitat. Major purpose of the study the major purpose of this research was to assess the major causes of soil erosion and deforestation, and to gain an understanding of how deforestation and soil erosion affect. Impact of deforestation and subsequent cultivation on soil fertility in komto, western ethiopia birhanu iticha1, muktar mohammed2 and kibebew kibret3 1faculty of resources management and economics, wollega university, p. Concluding remarks there is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven from outside forestry sector e.
The vegetation of gambella national park varies in terms of composition and structure due to the occurrence of rivers bisect the park. A study of the deforestation in komto forest in east. Impacts of resettlement programs on deforestation of moist. Agricultural technologies and tropical deforestation.
Impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on. However, being deteriorated by different drivers it is becoming a global agenda with deeprooted implications following the massive forest clearance and deterioration. Soil tendencies approximated that in 2000 ethiopia had 43,440,000 km. Local communities perceptions of bamboo deforestation in. Impacts of deforestation in ethiopia loss of biodiversity. Deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography of ethiopia. Deforestation is the process of removing the forest ecosystem by cutting the trees and changing the shape of the land to suit different uses. The changes in area of forest by region and subregion are shown in table 1. Research methodology description of the study area the study area, ziway dugda woreda is located in oromia region, arsi zone. The degradation of land in one form or the other is matter of serious concern endangering. These forests provide different environmental contributions like soil fertility sustenance, soil erosion. Deforestation, accelerated soil erosion, and land degradation are serious problems in ethiopia. While the secondary data source involved the search into published and unpublished materials relevant to the subject matter.
A study of the deforestation in komto forest in east wollega. Local communities perceptions of bamboo deforestation in benishangul gumuz region, ethiopia. Soil erosion, deforestation and rural livelihoods in the central rift valley area of ethiopia. The main objective of this study was to assess the impacts of consecutive resettlement programs spontaneous and planned on the forests in southwest ethiopia. Causes and impacts of deforestation and forest degradation. An assessment of ecotourism as an effective tool for. Deforestation is an important factor in global climate change.
Even though, it has been much said that deforestation and poverty has a long history in ethiopia, the generalization that poor is the both victims and. This research was conducted to diagnose the causes of deforestation and. Basically, many of the function s of tropical forests are not marketed and as such are ignored in decision making. Contrasted to other east african nations ethiopias deforestation rate is about the mean. Deforestation results in a decline in biodiversity and is known to have caused the extinction of many species. Fires are a natural and beneficial element of many forest landscapes, but they are problematic when they occur in the wrong place, at the wrong frequency or at the wrong severity. Deforestation and environmental degradation in ethiopia. As a result, the country is well endowed in natural resources. The issues of deforestation and accompanying land degradation is high on national and international agendas, but still poses a large challenge at the local level, as is the case in ethiopia. Pdf deforestation, accelerated soil erosion, and land degradation are. Data of the vegetation was collected by different techniques such as field observation, gis and remote sensing, gps and compass, and topographic map. Naturebased solutions such as forest landscape restoration flr can reverse the effects of deforestation and degradation and regain the ecological, social, climatic and economic. Deforestation takes place due to multiple of reasons like logging, population growth. The soil only stays nutrient rich for so long, about two years11, after this time, the nutrients from the burned biomass are used up.
When this happens, farmers pack up and move on to the next section of the rainforest, leaving their farmland behind for. Vegetation composition and deforestation impact in. Deforestation and land degredation in the ethiopian highlands. Tropical rainforests produce about 30% of our planets fresh water. Deforestation and environmental degradation in ethiopia 141 political leaders in the form of abba gada. Pdf on jan 1, 2016, abreham berta aneseyee and others published vegetation composition and deforestation impact in gambella national park, ethiopia find, read and cite all the research you. Nov 01, 2017 severe land degradation and the consequent series of drought and famine episodes have caused major waves of human migration in ethiopia over the past 5 decades. A case study of the denku microwatershed oromia region published masters thesis, june 2011, university of south africa. The perception that forest sector is a single sector with limited contribution to the. Deforestation and forest degradation as an environmental. According to historical estimates, nearly 90% of ethiopian highland had forest cover.
Pdf impact of deforestation and subsequent cultivation on soil. The following points highlight the five main impacts of agriculture on environment. Impact of deforestation and subsequent cultivation on soil fertility in komto, western ethiopia. Impact of deforestation on soil fertility, soil carbon and nitrogen stocks. Deforestation and degradation of natural resources in ethiopia. Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates.
Indeed some 31 countries do not even make the list because they have already removed most of their forests and even if that remain are seriously fragmented and degraded. Impact of legal and economic environment on it industry shankar. A strategy for physical recovery article pdf available in northeast african studies 81. The causes, consequences and remedies of deforestation in ethiopia. Ethiopia is one of the most well endowed countries in subsaharan africa in terms of natural resources gete et al.
Ethiopia enlists help of forest communities to reverse. Deforestation mainly in tropical areas account for up to onethird of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions 10. Pdf vegetation composition and deforestation impact in. In the adabadodola mountains, the deforestation rate is estimated to be 3. Key words causes, deforestation, ethiopia, impacts, remedy. Deforestation leads to the disappearance of sustainable development. Sep 18, 2010 deforestation problems in ethiopia the forest covering parts of the world take account for the survival of both man and earth. From a baseline of perhaps 40% forest cover in the 16th century, the country is down to 4. Deforestation is the process of removing the forest ecosystem by. Deforestation causes of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Deforestation is the conversion of forest to an alternative permanent nonforested land use such as agriculture, grazing or urban development.
To overcome these problems, efforts have been made to launch afforestation and conservation programs. Article pdf available december 2016 with 576 reads. There are several effects of deforestation on earths climate and nature. Kruska 16 tree crops as deforestation and reforestation agents. Deforestation on lowland plains moves cloud formation and rainfall to higher elevations. Apr 15, 20 ethiopia has experienced massive deforestation. Deforestation, clearance, clearcutting or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land which is then converted to a nonforest use. The southwestern highlands of ethiopia hold four potential natural vegetation zones afromontane rainforest, dry peripheral semideciduous guineocongolian forest, transitional rainforest and riverine forest vegetation friis et al. Author links open overlay panel henok kassa a b stefaan dondeyne c jean poesen c amaury frankl b jan nyssen b.
About 31% of earths land surface is covered by forests. Many farmers use deforested areas of land to raise cattle. Pdf on jan 1, 2016, abreham berta aneseyee and others published vegetation composition and deforestation impact in gambella national park, ethiopia find. Causes, effects and control strategies 5 deforestation are maintained. The extent and impact of coffee production activities were examined through agency documents, forest survey data and vegetation survey. Forest and generally biomass degradation, as well as consequent land degradation, lead to the destruction and erosion of biodiversity of both plants and animals. Deforestation is a contributor to global climate change, and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect 7.
Data provided by mckee 2007 also indicated rates of deforestation of 146,000 hayear table 2. According to fao 2000, deforestation is defined as the conversion of forests to another land use or the long term reduction of. Severe land degradation and the consequent series of drought and famine episodes have caused major waves of human migration in ethiopia over the past 5 decades. Deforestation in ethiopia is due to locals clearing forests for their personal needs, such as for fuel, hunting, agriculture, and at times for religious reasons. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests. The scientific name, local name and their uses was identify by indigenous knowledge of the. In 2011, ethiopia entered a strategic partnership with norway and the uk to promote collaboration on climate change policy, focusing on preventing deforestation, strengthening adaptation capacity in agricultural and pastoral communities and supporting disaster risk management. Deforestation and forest degradation impact the lives of 1. Deforestation and forest plantations in ethiopia springerlink. Pdf impact of deforestation on climate change iosr.
Penny encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the situation in africa is particularly acute, but even the densely populated asian and pacific regions contain roughly 1. Impacts of resettlement programs on deforestation of. The international community should play a decisive role in assisting. Ethiopia to assess the perception of farmers towards the deforestation and possible conservation practices that need to be followed. Their communal land ownership and their gada system of government were important in bringing balance between population and resources, thereby protecting the environment from degradation. However, natural resource degradation in ethiopia has been going on for centuries hurni et al. Impacts of deforestation on the livelihood of smallholder farmers in arba minch zuria woreda. Pdf deforestation and land degredation in the ethiopian.
As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, a layer forms in the atmosphere that traps sun radiation. There is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven from outside forestry sector e. Combating desertification and promoting sustainable development in africa is often one and the same thing, due to the social and economic importance of natural resources and. Deforestation is major problem in ethiopia as the people rely on biomass energy for cooking. The forest may have little impact on flooding in the case of large rainfall events, which overwhelm the storage capacity of forest soil if the soils are at or close to saturation. Long term human occupation of the highlands of ethiopia, accompanied by sedentary agriculture and extensive cattle herding activities, in combination with population pressure have resulted in the heavy deforestation, and subsequent environmental degradation. Impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on livelihood of fishing community around lake tana, ethiopia 550 citation. Even if you are located quite a distance away from these enormous holders of life, they can still protect you in one way or another. Ethiopians are facing rapid deforestation and degradation of land resources. Causes of deforestation in ethiopia deforestation is the permanent conversion of forests to some other land cover, almost always to crops, pastures, or plantations such as oil palm sills, 2008. Low policy priorityprofile of the forest sector due to low level of national awareness on significance of forestry for sustainable national development. Driver data of 46 countries were summarized for each phase and by continent, and were used as a proxy to estimate drivers for the countries with missing data. I collected data from semistructured interviews, focus groups, and.
Introduction in an agrarian society like ethiopia, forestry can play significant role in economic development. Forest is one of the crucial resources that determine the livelihood, environmental stability, and sociocultural value of the dependent people. The impact of climate change, desertification and land. Deforestation and land degradation on the ethiopian. Their communal land ownership and their gada system of government were important in bringing balance between population and resources. Tropical rainforests are the most diverse ecosystems on earth and about 80% of the worlds known biodiversity eminates from them. Farmers perception on deforestation in ziway dugda woreda. International trade policies as well play a part in land management andor exploitation. Deforestation in ethiopia takes place in both forests and farm woodlands and is recognized as the most severe environmental problem there. Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation.
Ethiopia is highly susceptible to dirt erosion, particularly in the highlands teketay, demel 2001. Impact of deforestation on soil fertility, soil carbon and. Deforestation and land degradation, however, are impairing the capacity of forests and the land to contribute to food security, and to provide other benefits, such as fuelwood and fodder in ethiopia. Impact of deforestation and subsequent cultivation on soil. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. Land degradation and rehabilitation in ethiopia society at large is also suffering from uncertain information about the rates of land use change and land degradation. The spatial distribution and extent of forest cover were mapped for the. Because of its topographic variation and location in the tropics, ethiopia has diverse climate conditions and the resulting diverse ecosystems. Impact of climate change, desertification and land degradation can be reduced by encouraging households to adopt livelihood systems that are less dependent on traditional land uses and less demanding on local land and natural resource use, yet can provide sustainable income. Impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on livelihood of fishing community around lake tana, ethiopia. Even though, it has been much said that deforestation and poverty has a long history in ethiopia, the generalization that poor is the both victims and agents of deforestation has to be proved at local level. Causes and impacts of deforestation and forest degradation at. Data of the vegetation was collected by different techniques such as field observation, gis and remote sensing, gps. To overcome these problems, efforts have been made to.
Atmospheric for global warming deforestation is the major contributor. The paper suggests some rules of thumb for identifying the priority areas for government and donor intervention, including the need for targeted research on the productivity. Ethiopia is an agrarian country with a great topographic range from 110m below sea level at dalol depression to 4620m above sea level at mount ras dashin. The underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation in ethiopia are described as follows. Each year, millions of acres of forest around the world are destroyed or degraded by fire. Based on deforestation rate and remaining forest cover 100 subtropical nonannex i countries were grouped into four forest transition phases.
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