Tests like bod, cod, nitrogen, phosphorus, alkalinity etc. Enlist different physical and chemical characteristics of water and wastewater and discuss their environmental significance. The nature of wastewater includes physical, chemical, and biological characteristics which depend on the. Turbidity of sewage is due to dissolved substances, colloidal matters, suspended solids and microbial cells.
The raw treated water can be checked and analysed by studying and testing these characteristics as explained below. Wastewater characteristics and effluent quality parameters. Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water amount of do while some others like catfish, worms and dragonflies can survive in somewhat lower amount. A treatment process means a physical, biological, or chemical action that is applied to wastewater to remove or reduce pollutants. The temperature of wastewater varies greatly, depending upon the type of operations being conducted at your installation. In combined systems a part small or big of the total wastewater is discharged to local water bodies, often without any treatment. Part of these characteristics is considered as parameters for measuring the strength of the effluent. Color is due to the suspended and other matters found in wastewater. Often, sediment may have other pollutants attached to it thereby polluting the water as well. Chemical oxygen demand cod a measure of organic materials in a wastewater in terms of. Chapter 4 agricultural waste characteristics part 651 agricultural waste management field handbook 42 210viawmfh, march 2008 the chapter also provides table values for the typical characteristics of manure at transfer from housing or from storage and treatment facilities. Classification of wastewater characteristics the characteristics of sewage can be classified under following three heads.
Singh encyclopedia of life support systems eolss physical suspended solids ss. Physical methods of wastewater treatment engineering360. Sewage sludge characteristics sewage sludge is a kind of waste coming from municipal wastewater treatment plants. These parameters mainly consist of certain physical and chemical characteristics of the water. May 15, 2019 when industrial effluent is mixed, it give characteristics odor to sewage. Indicator organisms indicate the presence of pathogens. This issue of pipeline answers some basic questions about wastewater characteristics and their potential impact on public health and the environment. Wastewater treatment ntk acknowledgement the association would like to thank the members of the 20102011 wastewater treatment validation and examination committee for their effort in conducting the job analysis and developing the abc needtoknow criteria for wastewater treatment operators. The contribution of constituents can vary strongly. This is particularly true for wastewater flows from rural residential dwellings, commercial estab. The work covers the physical unit operations and unit processes utilized in the treatment of water and wastewater. Primer for municipal wastewater treatment systems the need for wastewater treatment wastewater treatment is needed so that we can use our rivers and streams for fishing, swimming and drinking water. The following are some other important wastewater characteristics that can affect public health and the environment, as well as the design, cost, and effectiveness of treatment. Chapter 1 introduction to wastewater management wastewater treatment is one of the most important services a municipality may provide and one of the least visible.
Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Jan 05, 2015 enlist different physical and chemical characteristics of water and wastewater and discuss their environmental significance. Jan 10, 2018 characteristics of sewage waste water the characteristics of sewage arc classified as follows. Sewage contains both organic and inorganic chemicals in addition to various gases like h 2s, co 2, ch 4, and nh 3 etc that are formed due to the decomposition of sewage. Characteristics of wastewater wastewater treatment. Finally, a general procedure for predicting wastewater characteristics for a given residential dwelling or nonresidential establishment is given. Lesson a 1 characteristic, analytic and sampling of wastewater. Pdf physical and chemical properties of wastewater discharged. Following are the detailed physical characteristics of sewage. Biological characteristics physical characteristics of wastewater. Part i, characteristics of water and wastewater, covers the chapters on quantity and constituent physical and chemical characteristics of water and wastewater. Pdf physical, chemical and biological characteristics of. In general, the mechanisms involved in physical treatment do not result in changes.
Biological characteristics of water water quality in developed and developing countries continues to deteriorate due to increased movement of refugees in developing countries and natural disasters like flooding and droughts. Secondary treatment processes serve to further treat these products and are typically biological forms of treatment. Ali physical, chemical and biological aspects of water. Pdf wastewater sludge characteristics researchgate. Define do and give its value to be maintained in aquatic ecosystem. I wastewater characteristics, management and reuse in mining and mineral processing industries hagare b. The three main characteristics of wastewater are classified below. Wastewater basics 101 target audience policy makers, leaders, and planners people who have a water quality agenda this presentation discusses the fundamentals of converting wastewater back to water how do we humans interact with the hydrologic cycle. Chemical characteristics of sewage bod, cod, nutrients. Basic wastewater characteristics wastewater characteristics are important for. The physical, chemical, and biological propertiesof potable water.
Physical characteristics the physical characteristics of sewage are determined using the. An understanding of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of wastewater is very important in design, operation, and management of collection, treatment, and disposal of wastewater. The chemical characteristics of wastewater of special concern are ph, do dissolved oxygen, oxygen demand, nutrients, and. Definition and measurement of wastewater parameters 2. Wastewater industrial ww municipal domestic ww characteristics of industrial ww vary from industry to industry industrial wastewater with characteristics compatible with municipal ww is often discharged to municipal sewers. Lesson a 1 characteristic, analytic and sampling of. The physical characteristics of sewage are determined using the physical method of analysis. Samples of wastewater were collected from four sources in the fermentation plant.
Volume 1 wastewater characteristics, treatment and disposal presents an integrated view of water quality and wastewater treatment, analysing wastewater characteristics. Table 7 presents a list of some of the important physical and chemical characteristics that are used in the evaluation of agricultural water quality. Waste segregation to facilitate onsite wastewater disposal alternatives. Discuss the physical chemical and biological characteristics of industrial wastewater. Principal wastewater constituents treatment methods for wastewater. Some of the major physical characteristics of water are as follows. Temperature the temperature of wastewater is usually higher than that of the water supply because of the addition of warm water from domestic use. As main output, these plants produce treated water and sewage sludge. Preliminary and primary wastewater treatment processes a. Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of wastewater the physical properties and the chemical and biological constituents of wastewater, and their sources, are listed in table 1. This chapter provides an overview of the process of wastewater treatment and provides information appropriate for municipal leaders, the general public and operators. Sludge physical characteristics play important roles in the operation of membrane bioreactors mbr due to their influence on filtration and their effects on handling of excess sludge pollice et. Home medical reference and training manuals biological characteristics.
Oxygen is less soluble in warm water, while some species of aquatic life population increases with temperature causing more demand of oxygen and result in depletion of dissolved oxygen in summer. In addition to the many substances found in wastewater, there are other characteristics that system designers and operators use to evaluate wastewater. Preliminary treatment of wastewater generally includes those processes that remove debris and coarse biodegradable material from the waste stream andor stabilize the wastewater by equalization or chemical addition. Wastewater characteristics, treatment and disposal iwa publishing. Wastewater flow wastewater characteristics in this presentation, we will discuss wastewater design flow rates, how to calculated a design flow rate for an application, and the different types of wastewater characteristics. Suspended solids, turbidity, colour, taste and odour and temperature fall into this category. Physical characteristics of wastewater color fresh sewage is normally brown and yellowish in color but over time becomes black in color. Basic wastewater characteristics national environmental services. Odor wastewater that includes sewage typically develops a strong odor.
Principal wastewater constituents treatment methods for. Examples would be coarse screening to remove larger entrained objects and sedimentation or clarification. Sewage contains both organic and inorganic chemicals in addition to various gases like h2s, co2, ch4, and nh3 etc that are formed due to the decomposition of sewage. The entire contents of this book could be conveniently covered in two semesters at three credits per semester. The constituents in wastewater can be divided into main categories according to table 3. From a physical point of view, the suspended solids can lead to the development of sludge deposits and anaerobic conditions when discharged into the receiving environment. Bengal and tamil nadu generate almost 80% of the wastewater among the coastal states and union territories.
Characteristics of sewage waste water the characteristics of sewage arc classified as follows. Temperature higher than that of water supply important parameter, particularly for biological processes physical characteristics of industrial wastewater vary depending on the type of industry. Temperature, color, odor, solids, total solids, total suspended solids, fixed and volatile solids. In general sewage contains large amount of organic matters. Color in the wastewater effluent, whether from domestic or industrial sources, is to be avoided. Characteristics of water physical, chemical and biological. Basic general wastewater study guide august 2015 edition revised june 2016 page 4 of 79 printed on 011217 anaerobic is a condition under which free, dissolved, and combined oxygen is unavailable in an aqueous environment. The physical characteristics of wastewater include those items that can be detected using the physical senses. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. High temperature of sewage is due to evolution of heat during decomposition of organic matter in sewage. When biodegradable organic matter is released into a water body, microorganisms feed on the wastes, breaking them into simpler organic and inorganic substances. The physical characteristics and organic strength, as measured by the biochemical oxygen demand bod, of each product are uniquely different. The turbidity is measured by a turbidity rod or by a turbidity meter with optical observations and is expressed as the amount of suspended matter in mgl or parts per million ppm.
Chemically, wastewater is composed of organic 70% and inorganic 30% compounds as well as. Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of wastewater. Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of wastewater free download as powerpoint presentation. Physical methods include processes where no gross chemical or biological changes are carried out and strictly physical phenomena are used to improve or treat the wastewater. Typical concentrations of other constituents in wastewater treatment plant effluent are summarized in chapter 2.
Examples of different types of small physical chemical processes are discussed in the follow ing paragraphs. A number of manufacturers are develop ing or have developed package physical chemical wastewater treatment plants. Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of sewage. For the first half of the 20th century, pollution in the nations urban waterways resulted in frequent occurrences of low. Anoxic is a condition under which oxygen is only available in a. The important contaminants of interest in wastewater treatment are listed in table 2. The physical characteristics of wastewater include those items that can be detected using the physical senses and simple instrumentation. Characteristics of wastewater environmental engineering uniti syllabus introduction. Wastewater characterization studies wastewater characterization studies are conducted to determine 1 the physical, chemical and biological characteristics and the concentration of constituents in wastewa ter, and 2 the best means of reducing the pollutant concentrations. Municipal wastewater, sewage sludge, and agriculture 21 life. Municipal wastewater and sludge treatment 47 oxygen demand or bod a measure of the amount of biodegradable organic material remaining in the treated wastewater and 30 mgliter of suspended solids particles removable by filtration.
Physicalchemical treatment of water and wastewater iwa. Physical and chemical characteristics of waste water. For example, color, odor, and turbidity of wastewater give clues about the amount and type of pollutants present and treatment necessary. Dissolved solids can be precipitated by chemical and biological processes. Characteristics of water physical, chemical and biological water has three characteristics, i.
Pl winter fall 97 national environmental services center. As expected, the ph of the combined wastewater varies from 3. Goksel akcin, oznur alp, holger gulyas birgit bust chemistry department faculty of science and art yildiz technical university istanbul institute of wastewater management hamburg university of technology revised by dr. These processes are affected by the physical characteristics of the effluent wastewater, influent application rate, temperature, and the nature of the receiving soil. Physical water and wastewater treatment processes 93 horizontal,and the total length bars fof rom the invert to the top must be reachable by the rathe ke. Odor wastewater that includes sewage typically develops a. Its organization is designed to match the major processes and its approach is. Physical parameters define those characteristics of water that respond to the senses of sight, touch, taste or smell. Physical, chemical and biological aspects of water general characteristics of water asghar husain, bushara, g. However temperature is slightly higher than that of ground water. Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of wastewater the islamic university of gaza civil engineering department advanced sanitary engineering eciv 5325 based on dr. Certain anthropogenic land use practices or natural events can lead to decreases in interception and subsequent increases in sediment suspended within water. Analyzing the physical and chemical characteristics of wastewater plays a critical role in the wastewater treatment process. All of the effluent samples had met californias wastewater reclamation standard of 2.
Unesco eolss sample chapters wastewater recycle, reuse, and reclamation vol. Physical entrapment, increased retention time, and conversion of pollutants in the wastewater. Wastewater characteristics, management and reuse in. The tofu liquid waste to be filtered having physical characteristics of total suspended solids of 550 mgl and turbidity 375ntu in average. In these facilities, high quantities of water are treated every day to eliminate bacteria, viruses and pollutants. Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of.
1028 797 1448 572 482 1030 1557 824 252 1205 96 951 191 968 488 497 1230 1578 1106 1269 421 1032 1306 1201 643 1048 482 467 272 564 881 1082 1270 1125 445 654 620 944 340 517 545 660 1326 1099 548